Kuliyada Shabakada Maadow
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Is Diiwaangalintaa : 18/11/2010
 | Subject: Casharka 10-aad: Noocyada Processor-ka 1  Thu Feb 10, 2011 3:23 am | |
| Noocyada Processor-kaWaxaa jira dhowr shirkadood oo ku tartama
samaynta Processor-rada. Shirkadahaas waxaa ugu caansan suuqa
Processor-radana si aad ah u haysta shirkadda [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Shirkadaha kale ee Intel soo raaca waxaa ugu caansan
laba shirkadood oo la kala yiraahdo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] (Advanced Micro Devices) iyo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Suuqa Processor-rada waxaa haga Intel, AMD iyo
Cyrix-na waxay inta badan soo saaraan Processor-ro u dhigma oo ay
kula tartamayaan hadba kan ay Intel soo saarto.Guud ahaan Processor-rada waxaa loo kala qaadaa
dhawr jiil (Generations) oo is daba jooga iyadoo la fiirinayo
sidii ay u kala dambeeyeen. Jiilalkaas ayaan mid mid u soo
qaadanaynaa annagoo sheegi doonna waxa uu jiil kastaa uga duwan
yahay jiilkii ka horreeyay iyo noocyada Processor-rada jiilkaas
ka tirsan iyo nooc kasta ciddii samaysay.
- First Generation (8086 &
8088) Bishii June
ee sanadkii 1978-kii ayaa shirkadda Intel waxay soo
saartay Processor cusub oo 16-bit ah halka ay
processor-rada wakhtigaas jiray ka ahaayeen 8-bit.
Processor-kaas waxaa loo bixiyey 8086 wuxuuna lahaa [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] iyo Internal Register uu ballacoodu ahaa 16-bit
iyo Address
Bus uu balliciisu ahaa 20-bit.
Nasiib darro kumbiyuutarrada xilligaas jiray waxay
isticmaali jireen processor-ro 8-bit ah sidaa darteed
8086 waxaa ku adkaatay in uu suuqa soo galo maadaamaa
aysan jirin Motherboard-yo isticmaali karay processor
16-bit ah. Si ay arrintaas wax uga qabato ayaa Intel
waxay soo saartay processor inta kale kala mid ah 8086
laakiin uu [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-kiisu yahay
8-bit oo loo bixiyey 8088. Taasi waxay keentay in 8088 uu
ku shaqeeyo Motherboard-yadii xilligaas jiray. 8088 waa
processor-kii ay IBM u dooratay Personal
Computer-kii ugu horreeyay ee
ay IBM soo saartay ee loo yaqaannay IBM
PC. Processor-kaas wuxuu
xawaarahiisu ahaa 4.77 Mhz, halkii [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-na wuxuu ku qaadan jiray celcelis ahaa 12
wareeg. Waxaa kale oo 8086 iyo 8088 wehliyey oo la socday
Math Processor oo ah Processor loogu talgalay inuu si
dhakhso badan u xalliyo xisaabaadka uu heerkoodu
sarreeyo. Math Processor-kaas waxaa la oran jiray 8087.
Kadib waxay Intel soo saartay laba Processor oo ay u kala
bixisay 80186 iyo 80188 oo ahaa 8086 iyo 8088 oo wax yar
la sii wanaajiyey waxayse noqdeen kuwo ay Intel ku guul
darraysatay.
Dhammaan processor-radaas aan kor ku
soo sheegnay waxaa la isku yiraahdaa First Generation
Processors (Jiilka 1-aad).
- Second Generation (80286)
Sanadkii 1981-kii waxay Intel soo
saartay processor loo bixiyey 80286 inta badanna loo soo
gaabiyo 286, oo dhawr jeer ka dheereeya processor-radii
jiilka koowaad. 286 wuxuu ku soo baxay xawaare ah 6 Mhz
wuxuuna halkii [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] ku qaadan jiray 4 wareeg iyo bar islamarkaana
wuxuu lahaa Data Bus iyo Address Bus uu ballacoodu ahaa
16-bit. Taasi waxay keentay inuu 5 jeer ka dheereeyo
8088. 286 waxaa wehliyey oo la socday Math Processor la
oran jiray 80287 oo inta badan loo soo gaabiyo 287 oo
dhismo ahaan la mid ahaa Math Processor-ka 8087 ee aan
horay u soo sheegnay. 286 iyo 287 waxaa la isku yiraahdaa
Second Generation Processors (Jiilka 2-aad).
- Third Generation (80386)
Sanadkii 1985-kii ayaa waxay Intel soo
saartay Processor aad wax uga beddelay suuqa
Processor-rada. Processor-kaas oo loo bixiyey 80386 inta
badanna loo soo gaabiyo 386 wuxuu xagga hawlqabadka
(Performance) uga fiicnaa dhammaan Processor-radii ka
horreeyay sida 8086, 8088 iyo 286. 386 wuxuu dhan kasta
ka ahaa 32-bit wuxuuna halkii [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] ku qaadan jiray 4 iyo bar (4.5) wareeg taasoo
ah halka keliya ee uu kala mid yahay 286. 386 waxaa gaar
ahaan loogu tala galay Operating System-yada ku shaqeeya
waxa loo yaqaan Multitasking oo ah in hawlo badan si
barbarro ah isku mar loo fuliyo iyadoo aan la isku qasin
oo la kala soocayo. 386 aad ayuu suuqa ugu faafay wuxuuna
suuqa haystay ilaa 1991-kii.
386 wuxuu u kala baxaa dhawr nooc oo
midba loogu tala galay baahi gaar ah. Noocyadaas
xawaarahoodu wuxuu u dhexeeyay 16 Mhz ilaa 33 Mhz waxaana
ka mid ah:
- 386 DX oo ah kii
ugu horreeyay Processor-rada noocaan ah wuxuu
lahaa [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.], [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] iyo Internal Register uu ballacoodu
ahaa 32-bit.
- 386 SX oo ah nooc
loogu tala galay in lagu gado qiimo jaban oo la
mid ah kii lagu gadi jiray 286. Noocani wuxuu
sida 286 lahaa [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] uu
ballaciisu ahaa 16-bit iyo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] uu ballaciisu ahaa 24-bit. Wuxuuse
lahaa Internal Register ay baaxaddiisu ahayd
32-bit sidaa darteed waxaa isticmaali karay oo ku
shaqayn karay Operating System-yada iyo
program-yada loogu tala galay 386 DX. Tusaale
ahaan Windows 3.1wuxuu 386 SX ugu shaqayn jiray
si la mid ah 386 DX. Noocani wuxuu si rasmi ah
suuqa uga saaray wixii 286 ka harsanaa.
- 386 SL oo loogu
tala galay kumbiyuutarrada Portable-ka ah ee
batariga ku shaqeeya. Noocaan waxaa loogu tala
galay inuu aad u dhaqaaleeyo korontada ama
awoodda batariga ee uu kumbiyuutarku isticmaalo
- 387 oo ah Math
Processor-kii ku lammaansanaa noocyada 386.
Dhammaan noocyada 386 waxaa la isku
yiraahdaa Third Generation Processors (Jiilka
3-aad) </li> Fourth Generation (80486)
Bishii April 10-keedii sanadkii
1989-kii ayaa Intel waxay soo saartay Processor loo
bixiyey 80486 oo inta badan loo soo gaabiyo 486.
Processor-kaasi wuxuu noqday tillaabo weyn oo ay Intel u
qaadday xagga samaynta Processor-ro aad u dheereeya,
wuxuuna keenay in ay si aad ah u kordhaan soo saaridda
iyo gadashada program-yada siiba Operating system-yada
graphics-ka ah ee ay ka mid yihiin Windows iyo OS/2.
Windows oo keliya waxaa ka gadantay tobanaan milyan oo
koobi taasna waxaa sabab u ahaa xawaaraha 486 oo suurto
geliyay in si fudud oo aan sugitaan badan lahayn loo
isticmaalo Windows iyo program-yada la midka ah. 486
wuxuu lahaa [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.], [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] iyo Internal Register uu ballaarkoodu ahaa
32-bit, halkii [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-na wuxuu ku qaadan jiray 2 (laba) wareeg.
Waxyaabaha uu 486 uga fiicnaa 386 iyo
Processor-radii ka horreeyay waxaa ka mid ah:
486 wuxuu halkii [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] ku
qaataa laba wareeg oo kaliya halka 386 ay ku
qaadan jirtay 4.5 wareeg. Taasi waxay keentay in
486 uu in ka badan laba laab ka dheereeyo 386.
Tusaale ahaan 386 uu xawarihiisu yahay 40 Mhz
waxaa ka dheereeya 486 uu xawaarihiisu yahay 20
Mhz.
486 waxaa loo sameeyay [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
ku dhex dhisan Processor-ka taasoo keentay in
akhbaarta hawlaha soo noqnoqda uu ka soo akhristo
Internal Cache-ka halkaasna uu ku baaqdo
wakhtigii ku bixi jiray soo akhrinta akhbaartaas
Waxaa 486 lagu dhex dhisay Math
Processor xagga hawl qabadka (Performance) saddex
jeer kaga fiican 387 (Math Processor-kii garab
socday 386). Taasi waxay keentay in hawlaha
xisaabaadka uu 486 ku qabto xawaare aad u
dheereeya.
In badan oo ka mid ah
Motherboard-yada loogu tala galay 486 waxay
lahaayeen External Cache (L2) oo ah Memory
dheeraysa oo ku samaysan Motherboard-ka looguna
tala galay in lagu kaydiyo akhbaarta hawlaha soo
noqnoqda wixii ka bata [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-ka,
si marka dambe ee loo baahdo halkaas looga soo
akhristo.
486 wuxuu u kala baxaa dhawr nooc oo
kala dambeeyay xawaare ahaanna kala dheereeya. Noocyadaas
xawaarahoodu wuxuu u dhexeeyay 16 Mhz ilaa 120 Mhz
waxaana ka mid ah:
- 486 DX waa noocii
ugu horreeyay 486 xawaarihiisuna wuxuu u
dhexeeyay 25 Mhz ilaa 50 Mhz.
- 486 SX oo soo
baxay sanadkii 1991-kii bishii April waa nooc
loogu tala galay in lagu iibiyo qiimo jaban oo la
mid ah ama u dhaw qiimihii 386. Noocani wuxuu la
mid ahaa 486 DX laakiin waxaa laga saaray Math
Processor-kii ku dhex dhisnaa 486 DX.
Xawaarihiisu wuxuu u dhexeeyay 16 Mhz ilaa 33
Mhz. Waxa kale oo jiray 486 SX/2 uu xawaarihiisu
gaarayay 50 Mhz ilaa 60 Mhz.
- 486 SL oo ah nooc
loogu talagalay kumbiyuutarrada yar yar ee
Portable-ka ah batarigana ku shaqeeya. Noocaan
waxaa loogu tala galay inuu aad u dhaqaaleeyo
korontada ama awoodda batariga ee uu
kumbiyuutarku isticmaalo
- 486 DX2 oo soo
baxay sanadkii 1992 bishii March waa nooc loogu
tala galay inuu ku shaqeeyo xawaare laba jeer ka
dheereeya xawaaraha [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-ka.
Tusaale ahaan haddii xawaaraha Motherboard-ku uu
yahay 25 Mhz, 486 DX2 wuxuu xawaarihiisu
noqonayaa 50 Mhz. Haddii uu xawaaraha
Motherboard-ku yahay 33 Mhz, 486 DX2 wuxuu
xawaarihiisu noqonayaa 66 Mhz. 486 DX2
xawaarihiisu wuxuu u kala baxay saddex nooc oo
kala ah:
- 40 Mhz oo loogu tala galay
Motherboard-yada uu xawaarahoodu yahay 16
Mhz ama 20 Mhz.
- 50 Mhz oo loogu tala galay
Motherboard-yada uu xawaarahoodu yahay 25
Mhz.
- 66 Mhz oo loogu tala galay
Motherboard-yada uu xawaarahoodu yahay 33
Mhz.
</li>
- 486 DX4 oo ah
nooc loogu tala galay inuu ku shaqeeyo xawaare 2,
2.5 ilaa saddex jeer ka dheereeya xawaaraha [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]-ka.
Tusaale ahaan haddii xawaaraha Motherboard-ku uu
yahay 33 Mhz, 486 DX4 wuxuu xawaarihiisu noqon
karaa 66 Mhz ilaa 100 Mhz. Haddii uu xawaaraha
Motherboard-ku yahay 40 Mhz, 486 DX4 wuxuu
xawaarihiisu noqon karaa 80Mhz, 100Mhz ama 120
Mhz. DX4 waxaa la socday adapter loogu tala galay
inuu ka yareeyo korontada Motherboard-ka oo ay
awooddeedu ahayd 5.5 Volt. Adapter-kaasi wuxuu
korontadaas ka dhigi jiray 3.3 Volt oo ah inta uu
DX4 xammili karo. Adapter-kaasi waxa kale oo uu
lahaa waxa loo yaqaan Jumpers oo ah ilko yaryar
oo maar ah. Jumpers-kaas waxaa loo isticmaali
jiray in laga doorto hadba xawaaraha la rabo inuu
Processor-ku ku shaqeeyo.
- AMD 486 (5x86) oo
ah nooc ay soo saartay shirkadda [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Shirkadda AMD waxay soo saartay dhowr
nooc oo processor-ro ah oo la mid ah 486-kii ay
Intel soo saartay. Waxay xataa samaysay 486-kii
ugu dheereeyay oo ay u bixsay Am5x86
oo uu xawaarihiisu ahaa 133 Mhz. Processor-rada
kale ee uu noocoodu ahaa 486 ee ay AMD soo
saartay waxa ka mid ah A80486DX2-80SV8B
oo uu xawaarihiisu ahaa 80 Mhz, A80486DX4-100SV8B
oo uu xawaarihiisu ahaa 100 Mhz iyo A80486DX4-120SV8B
oo uu xawaarihiisu ahaa 120 Mhz.
- Cyrix 486.
Shirkadda [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] waxay
iyaduna soo saartay dhawr nooc oo processor-ro ah
oo la mid ahaa 486-kii ay Intel. Cyrix waxay soo
saartay 486 DX2 iyo DX4 la mid ahaa kuwii ay
Intel soo saartay xawaarahooduna uu ahaa 50 Mhz,
66 Mhz, 75 Mhz, 80 Mhz ama 100 Mhz.
486 wuxuu noqday Processor si aad ah
suuqa ugu faafay wuxuuna si dhib yar suuqa uga saaray
386. 486 wuxuu ku caan baxay xagga sii dhisidda oo aad
uga fududaa Processor-radii ka horreeyay. Taas micneheedu
wuxuu yahay haddii aad haysato kumbiyuutar uu ku jiro
Processor ah 486 SX 25 waxaad soo gadan kartaa oo aad ku
beddeli kartaa 486 DX 66 iwm. ¤(& maanta suuqa wuu
ka baxay laakiin haddaad fiiriso joornaallada lagu gado
kumbiyuutarrada gacan labaadka ah waxaad weli ka heli
kartaa dad iska gadaya kumbiyuutarro wata Processor uu
noociisu yahay 486. </li>
Casharka xiga waxaan ku soo qaadan doonnaa Processor-rada jiilka
5-aad oo loo yaqaan Pentium.
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