Casharka 17-aad: Noocyada Hard Disk-ga

Subject: Casharka 17-aad: Noocyada Hard Disk-ga Thu Feb 10, 2011 3:53 am

Noocyada Hard Disk-ga

Casharrada [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.], [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] iyo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] waxaan kaga hadalnay guud ahaan waxa uu Hard Disk-gu
yahay iyo qaybaha uu ka kooban yahay oo aan ka soo qaadannay kuwa
ugu muhiimsan. Casharkaana waxaan ku soo qaadan doonnaa noocyada
Hard Disk-ga.

Habka uu Hard Disk-gu ugu xirmo akhbaartana ugu
gudbiyo kumbiyuutarka intiisa kale waxaa loo yaqaan "Hard
Disk Interface" aad ayuuna muhiim u yahay. Haddaba marka
laga eego xagga Interface-ka Hard Disk-ga waxaa Hard Disk-yada
maanta la isticmaalo loo kala qaadaa laba nooc oo kala ah:

IDE
SCSI

Labadaas nooc ayaan halkaan mid mid ugu soo
qaadan doonaa.

IDEHard Disk-yada isticmaala Interface-ka loo
yaqaan IDE (Integrated
Drive Electronics) waxaa lagu magacaabaa IDE Hard Drives,
waana nooca ugu caansan uguna badan ee lagu isticmaalo
kumbiyuutarrada uu noocoodu yahay PC-ga. Magacyada kale
ee Interface-kaan loo yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah ATA, ATA/ATAPI,
EIDE, ATA-2, Fast ATA, ATA-3, Ultra
ATA iyo Ultra DMA. Magacyadaasi waxay ka
turjumayaan marxaladihii uu Interface-ka IDE-gu soo maray
iyadoo marka uu cillad weyn ka gudbo ama uu tallaabo weyn
hore u qaadaba magac cusub loo bixinayay.
Markuu noocaani soo baxay wuxuu kor u
qaaday xawaaraha, adkaysiga iyo is afgaradka Hard
Disk-yada. Noocaan waxaa inta badan lagu isticmaalaa
Kumbiyuutarrada loogu tala galay dadka caadiga ah iyo
shaqaalaha kumbiyuutarka u isticmaala howl maalmeedkooda.
Taasna waxaa u sabab ah qiimihiisa oo jaban iyo
isticmaalkiisa oo fudud. Markii ay shirkadaha
kumbiyuutarrada sameeyaa arkeen in kumbiyuutarrada ugu
badan ee la gataa ay yihiin nooca loogu tala galay dadka
caadiga ah iyo shaqaalaha ayaa waxay go'aansadeen inay
soo saaraan kumbiyuutarro qiimahoodu jaban yahay oo uu [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] ku dhex dhisan yahay Interface-ka IDE-ga (fiiri Casharka
8-aad) islamarkaana uu la socdo
ugu yaraan hal Hard Disk oo uu noociisu yahay IDE. Taasi
waxay keentay in noocaani uu suuqa qabsado.
Sidaan hore u soo sheegnay Interface-ka
IDE-gu wuxuu soo maray marxalado badan oo marba marka ka
dambeeya waa la sii casriyaynayay. Billawgii waxaa
inteface-ka IDE-ga loogu tala galay Hard Disk-yada oo
kaliya, tiro ahaanna wuxuu qaadan jiray oo ku xirmi karay
laba Hard Disk oo kaliya. Waayo wuxuu lahaa hal kanaal
(waddada uu Hard Disk-gu akhbaarta u mariyo kumbiyuutarka
intiisa kale) oo ay ku xirmi kareen laba Hard Disk oo keliya.
Waxaa intaas sii dheeraa iyadoo Hard Disk-ga adeegsanaya
Interface-ka IDE-ga uu qaadkiisu (size) ku koobnaa ugu
badnaan 504 MB oo keliya. Waayo Interace-ka IDE-ga iyo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] midna awood uma lahayn inuu maamulo Hard Disk
uu qaadkiisu ka weyn yahay 504 MB.
Billawgii 1990-meeyadii ayaa waxaa la
garawsaday baahida loo qabo in Interface-ka IDE-ga loo
isticmaalo qalab kale oo aan Hard Disk ahayn. Taasina
waxay keentay in wax laga beddelo sidii uu IDE-gu u
shaqayn jiray si uu u aqbalo qalab aan ahayn Hard
Disk-gii markii hore loogu tala galay. Interface-ka
IDE-ga waxaa maanta Hard Disk-yada la wadaaga qalab kale
oo ay ka mid yihiin CD-ROM (reader), CD-RW (Writer), Zip
drives, Tape devices iwm, wuxuuna sida caadiga ah
leeyahay laba kanaal oo ay kiiba ku xirmi karaan laba ka
mid ah qalabka aan kor ku soo sheegnay. Guud ahaan waxay
labada kanaal qaadan karaan 4 qalab oo isugu jira Hard
Disk-yo, CD-ROM, Zip Drive iyo Tape device. Waxaa kale oo
meesha ka baxay xadkii qaadka Hard Disk-gu uu ku
xaddidnaa 504 MB oo waxaa maanta IDE adeegsada Hard
Disk-yo uu qaadkoodu kor u dhaafayo 30 GB.
- IDE Channels
  
  Waddooyinka uu Hard Disk-gu akhbaarta u
  mariyo kumbiyuutarka intiisa kale ayaa waxaa loo
  yaqaannaa Channels. Sidaan hore u soo sheegnay
  Interface-ka IDE-gu wuxuu sida caadiga ah leeyahay laba
  kanaal. Labadaas kanaal oo sidaan hore u soo sheegnay ku
  dhex dhisan [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] waxay
  kala yihiin:
  1. Primary Channel
  2. Secondary Channel
  Mid kasta oo ka mid ah labadaas kanaal
  waxaa gala ama ku xirma fiilo ballaaran oo muuqaalka guud
  uga eg suunka ay askartu dhexda ku xirato (fiiri sawirka
  hoose).
  [You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
  Fiiladaasi waxay sida saawirka kaaga
  muuqata leedahay saddex af oo midkood ku xirmo [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Labada kale waxaa ku xirmi kara mid ka mid ah
  qalabka isticmaala Interface-ka IDE-ga ee aan kor ku soo
  sheegnay. Qalabka labada af ee dambe ee fiiladaas ku
  xirmayaa waxay tusaale ahaan noqon karaan laba Hard Disk
  ama hal Hard Disk iyo hal CD-ROM iwm. Khasab ma aha in
  labada afba wax lagu xiro oo taasi waxay ku xiran tahay
  hadba tirada qalabka aad haysato. Tusaale ahaan haddaad
  haysato hal Hard Disk oo kaliya islamarkaana aadan haysan
  CD-ROM, markaa wuxuu Hard Disk-gaasi ku xirmayaa mid ka
  mid ah labada af ee Primary Channel-ka. Afka kale ee
  Primary Channel-ka iyo labada af ee Secondary
  Channel-kuba way iska banaanaanayaan oo waxba kuma
  xiraysid, illeen waxaad ku xirtaba ma hayside. Haddaadse
  haysato hal Hard Disk iyo hal CD-ROM markaa Hard Disk-ga
  waxaad ku xiraysa mid ka mid ah labada af ee Primary
  Channel-ka, CD-ROM-kana waxaad ku xiri kartaa afka kale
  ee Primary Channel-ka ama mid ka mid ah labada af ee
  Secondary Channel-ka. Sidaa iyo si la mid ah ayaad u
  isticmaalaysaa labada kanaal iyo afafkoodaba.
  </li>

Master / Slave
Mid kasta oo ka mid ah kanaallada
IDE-ga waxaa, sidaan hore u soo sheegnay, ku xirmi kara
hal ilaa laba ka mid ah qalabka adeegsada Interface-ka
IDE-ga. Haddaba si ay u suurto gasho in hal kanaal ay
wada adeegsadaan laba shay, waxaa muhiim ah in la helo
nidaam lagu kala garto ama lagu kala sooco labadaas shay.
Sidaa darteed ayaa waxa la soo saaray nidaam faraya in
labada shay midkood laga dhigo Master kan kalena
laga dhigo Slave. Si mid ka mid ah labada shay
looga dhigo Master ama Slave waxaa la
adeegsadaa waxa loo yaqaan Jumper oo ah qolof
yar oo madaw oo lagu daboolo laba ka mid ah ilko yar yar
oo bir ah oo ku samaysan qalabka adeegsada Interface-ka
IDE-ga (fiiri sawirka hoose).
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
Sawirkaas waxaa kaaga muuqda laba
ilkood oo lagu daboolay Jumper islamarkaana ay
labada dhinac ka kala xigaan min laba ilkood oo aan wax
dabool ahi saarnayn. Sawirkaas oo muujinaya qaar ka mid
ah Jumpers-ka [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] waxaan
ugu tala galnay oo keliya inaad ku fahamto waxa uu
Jumper-ku yahay.
Qalabka adeegsada Interface-ka IDE-ga
waxaa inta badan la socda akhbaar kuu sheegaysa sida
qalabkaas looga dhigo Master ama Slave.
Akhbaartaas waxaad had iyo jeer ka heli kartaa buugga yar
ee la socda qalabkaas. Waxaa kale oo ay shirkadaha
qaarkood akhbaartaas ku qoraan qalabka dushiisa ama
warqad dusha looga sii dhejiyo qalabkaas. Sawirka hoose
wuxuu muujinayaa Hard Disk lagu dul qoray akhbaarta
sheegaysa sida Hard Disk-gaas looga dhigo Master
ama Slave.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
Sawirkaas waxaa kaaga muuqda lix ilkood
oo laba laba isugu aaddan. Labada ilkood ee xiga dhanka
bidixe waxaa ku hoos qoran xarfaha "MA" oo u
taagan Master, taasoo micneheedu yahay in si
Hard Disk-gaas looga dhigo Master Jumper-ka lagu
daboolo labada ilkood ee bidixda xiga. Labada ilkood ee
dhexe waxaa iyagana ku hoos qoran xarfaha "SL"
oo u taagan Slave, taasoo uu micneheedu yahay in
si Hard Disk-gaas looga dhigo Slave Jumper-ka
lagu daboolo labada ilkood ee dhexe. Labada ilkood ee
midigta xiga waxaa iyagana ku hoos qoran xarfaha
"CS" oo u taagan Cable Select, taasoo
uu micneheedu yahay in Hard Disk-gaasi uu adeegsanayo
fiilo gaar ah oo iyadu awood u leh inay iskeed u kala
garato Master iyo Slave iyadoo aan si
cad loogu sheegin.

Xawaaraha IDE-ga
Hard Disk-yada uu noocoodu yahay IDE-gu
xawaare ahaan way ka gaabiyaan nooca kale ee loo yaqaan
SCSI oo aan ka hadli doono. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Hard Disk-yada IDE-gu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 8 ms
ilaa 10 ms. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] wuxuu
u dhexeeyaa 3 ms ilaa 5.6 ms. Celcelis ahaan xawaarahooda
rasmiga ahi wuxuu markaa noqonayaa inta u dhexaysa 11 ms
ilaa 15.6 ms. Xusuusnow in waxa la cabirayo uu yahay
wakhtiga ay Hard Disk-ga ku qaadato in uu akhbaar ka soo
akhriyo ama ku qoro [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Taasi
waxay keenaysaa in marka uu wakhtigu sii yaraadaba uu
xawaaraha Hard Disk-gu sii kordho. Sidaa darteed Hard
Disk-ga uu xawaarihiisu yahay 11 ms wuu ka dheereeyaa kan
uu xawaarihiisu yahay 15.6 ms.

</li>

SCSINooca labaad ee Hard
Disk-yadu waa kuwa adeegsada Interface-ka loo yaqaan SCSI
(Small Computers System Interface) oo loogu dhawaaqo
"iskaasi". Interface-ka SCSI-gu wuu ka heer
sarreeyaa, xawaare ahaana ka dheereeyaa Interface-ka
IDE-ga ee aan hore uga soo hadalnay, waxaana jira
dhinacyo dhawr ah oo SCSI-gu uu kaga fiican yahay IDE-ga.
Sidaa darteed ayaa SCSI waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa
kumbiyuutarrada loo yaqaan Servers-ka ee loo isticmaalo
inay xarun u noqdaan islamarkaana ay kala hagaan akhbaar
ama howlo ay dad badani isla isticmaalaan.
Kumbiyuutarrada noocaas loo isticmaalo waxaa tusaale
ahaan ka mid ah Web Hosts (oo ah kuwa xarunta u ah
Homepage-yada Internet-ka) iyo kuwa loo yaqaan Mail
Servers (oo ah kuwa xarunta u ah E-mail-ka la isu diro)
iyo kuwo kale.
Hard Disk-yada uu noocoodu yahay
SCSI-gu way ku yar yihiin suuqa kumbiyuutarrada ay dadka
caadiga ahi isticmaalaan, waayo qiimahooda ayaa ka
sarreeya kan IDE-ga islamarkaana dhinacyada uu SCSI-gu
kaga fiican yahay IDE-ga waa kuwo aan faa'iido sidaas ah
oo la dareemi karo u lahayn dadka caadiga ah. Intaas
waxaa dheer iyada oo SCSI uu xagga isticmaalka ka adag
yahay IDE. Taasi waxay keentay in shirkadaha
kumbiyuutarrada sameeyaa ay inta badan kumbiyuutarradooda
u doortaan IDE.
Interface-ka SCSI-gu inta badan kuma
dhex dhisna [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] laakiin
waa kaar ka gaar ah Motherboard-ka oo loo yaqaan SCSI
Host Adapter oo la geliyo mid ka mid ah [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Motherboard-ka. SCSI wuxuu caan ku yahay tirada
disk-yada iyo qalabka kale ee ku xirmi kara oo aad uga
badan inta IDE ku xirmi karta. SCSI run ahaantii ma aha
Disk Interface ee waa [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] gaar ah oo ay ku
xirmi karaan ilaa 15 nooc oo ka mid ah noocyada qalabka
kala duwan ee kumbiyuutarka lagu xiriiriyo.
Kumbiyuutarrada badankoodu waxay qaadan karaan ilaa afar
kaar oo SCSI ah oo kiiba ay ku xirmi karaan 15 ah qalab
kala duwan. Laakiin sida xaqiiqada ah way adag tahay in
hal kumbiyuutar lagu xiro tiro intaas le'eg oo ah qalab
kala duwan, waayo waxaa jira dhawr arrimood oo arrintaas
ka dhigaya mid aan munaasab ama suurtogal ahayn.
Si loo kala sooco qalabka ku xirmaya
Interface-ka SCSI-ga waxaa mid kasta oo qalabkaas ka mid
ah la siiyaa nambar u gaar ah oo lagu garto. Nambarkaas
waxaa loo yaqaan SCSI ID wuxuuna ka billawdaa 0 (eber)
iyadoo mar kasta lagu darayo hal, sida 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7 ... iwm. Hal nambar islama qaadan karaan laba shay
ama wax ka badan, waayo haddii ay taasi dhacdo waxaa
imaanaysa in labada shay ee isku nambarka ahi ay isku
dhacaan oo la kala garan waayo. Sidaa darteed aad ayay
muhiim u tahay in shay kastaa uu qaato hal nambar oo
isaga u gaar ah.
Qalabka adeegsada Interface-ka SCSI-gu
wuxuu u kala baxaa laba nooc oo kala ah:

Internal Devices:
Oo ah qalabka la galiyo oo lagu rakibo santuukha
kumbiyuutarka dhexdiisa sid Hard Disk-yada,
CD-ROM, CD-WR, Tape Drives iyo kuwo kale.
External Devices:
Oo ah qalabka xagga dambe kaga xirma santuukha
kumbiyuutarka iyagoo bannaanka yaalla sida
Printers-ka, Scaners-ka iyo Hard Disk-yada iyo
CD-ROM-yada ku xirma santuukha kumbiyuutarka
iyagoo bannaanka ka yalla (External Hard Drivers
/ External CD-ROM Drives) iyo kuwo kale.

</li>

<blockquote>
Halka IDE markiisii hore loogu tala galay
Hard Disk-yada oo keliya, SCSI waxaa markiisii horeba loogu
talagalay inay isticmaalaan qalabka kala duwan ee
kumbiyuutarka lagu xiriiriyo iyadoo aan Hard Disk-yada la
siinin mudnaan gaar ah oo laga duulayay in Har Disk-yadu ka
mid noqdaan noocyada qalabka kala duwan ee adeegsanaya
Interface-ka SCSI. Taasi waxay keentay in SCSI uu xagga
xawaaraha, tirada noocyada qalabka ku xirmi karaba kaga
horreeyo nooc kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada Interface-yada loo
isticmaalo kumbiyuutarrada uu noocoodu yahay PC-ga.

Xawaaraha SCSI-ga
Hard Disk-yada uu noocoodu yahay SCSI-gu
xawaare ahaan way ka dheereeyaan nooca kale ee loo yaqaan
IDE-ga. Seek
Time-ka Hard Disk-yada SCSI-gu
wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 4 ms ilaa 8 ms. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 2 ms ilaa 3 ms. Celcelis ahaan
xawaarahooda rasmiga ahi wuxuu markaa noqonayaa inta u
dhexaysa 6 ms ilaa 12 ms. Xusuusnow in waxa la cabirayo uu
yahay wakhtiga ay Hard Disk-ga ku qaadato in uu akhbaar ka
soo akhriyo ama ku qoro [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Taasi waxay
keenaysaa in marka uu wakhtigu sii yaraadaba uu xawaaraha
Hard Disk-gu sii kordho. Sidaa darteed Hard Disk-ga uu
xawaarihiisu yahay 6 ms wuu ka dheereeyaa kan uu xawaarihiisu
yahay 12 ms.

</blockquote>

Casharkaanna halkaas ayaan ku joojinaynaa.
Casharka xiga waxaan hadduu rabbi idmo ku soo qaadan doonnaa
Floppy Disk Drive-ka.

» Casharka 10-aad: Noocyada Processor-ka 1
» Casharka 11-aad: Noocyada Processor-ka 2
» Casharka 12-aad: Noocyada Processor-ka 3
» Casharka 14-aad: Hard Disk-ga
» Casharka 18-aad: Floppy Disk Drive-ka