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 Casharka 20-aad: Xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka

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Kuliyada Shabakada Maadow
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Casharka 20-aad: Xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka Empty
PostSubject: Casharka 20-aad: Xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka   Casharka 20-aad: Xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka EmptyThu Feb 10, 2011 4:09 am

Xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka

Marka la cabirayo xawaaraha CD-ROM Drive-ka
waxaa la fiiriyaa xaddiga akhbaarta ee uu CD-ROM-ku soo akhriyo
halkii ilbiriqsi (second). CD-ROM-ka waxaa suuqa uga horreeyay oo
la isticmaali jiray ilaa iyo maantana la isticmaalaa qalabka loo
yaqaan stereo-ga ee lagu dhegaysto saxammada CD-ga ee ay ku
duuban yihiin heesaha iyo wixii la mid ah. Run ahaantii
qalabkaasi wuxuu asaas u noqday samaynta CD-ROM-ka oo
CD-ROM-yadii ugu horreeyay waxa farsamo ahaan u shaqayn jireen
sida Stereo-ga. Xawaare ahaan Stereo-gu wuxuu halkii ilbiriqsiba
soo akhriyaa 150 KB, CD-ROM-yadii ugu horreeyayna wuxuu
xawaarahoodu la mid ahaa kan Stereo-ga oo waxay iyaguna halkii
ilbiriqsi soo akhrin jireen akhbaar dhan 150 KB.


Xawaaraha Stereo-ga oo loo yaqaan "Single
Speed" wuxuuna qiyaas asaasi ah u noqday guud ahaan
xawaaraha CD-ROM-yada oo ilaa iyo maanta waxaa xawaaraha
CD-ROM-ka looga qiyaas qaataa kan Stereo-ga. Xawaaraha CD-ROM-ka
waxaa lagu muujiyaa tiro ay ka dambayso calaamadda ku dhufada (X)
sida: 24X, 32X, 40X iwm. Tiradaasi waxay sheegaysaa inta jeer ee
uu CD-ROM-kaasi ka dheereeyo xawaaraha Stereo-ga oo loo soo
gaabiyo 1X. Tusaale ahaan tirada 24X waxay sheegaysaa in
CD-ROM-kaas uu xawaarihiisu yahay 24 X 150 KB = 3600 KB (3.6 MB),
taasoo uu micneheedu yahay inuu halkii ilbiriqsiba soo akhriyo
akhbaar dhan 3.6 MB. Tirada 32X waxay sheegaysaa inuu xawaaruhu
yahay 32 X 150 KB = 4800 KB (4.8 MB). 40X waxay iyaduna u
dhigantaa 40 X 150 KB = 6000 KB (6 MB).


Xawaaraha CD-ROM-ka ee sidaas loo sheego waxaa
si aad ah u isticmaala shirkadaha sameeya CD-ROM-yada iyagoo
arrintaaas u adeegsada xayaysiin ahaan iyo suuq geynta
qalabkooda. Shirkadahaasi waxay tiradaas ku dul qoraan baakadda
uu CD-ROM-ku ku jiro iyo xataa inta badan CD-ROM-ka laftiisa.
Laakiin sida aan casharkaan ku arki doonno tiradaasi ma sheegto
xawaaraha dhabta ah ee CD-ROM-ka ee waxaa kaliya ee ay sheegaysaa
xawaaraha ugu badan ee macquulka ah.


Haddaba si loo ogaado xawaaraha dhabta ah ee
CD-ROM-ka waxaa la fiiriyaa qodobbo ay ka mid yihiin kuwa soo
socda:



  1. Transfer Rate
  2. Speed Change Time
  3. Seek Time
  4. Latency
  5. Access Time


Shantaas qodob ayaan halkaan mid mid ugu soo
qaadan doonaa.






  1. Transfer RateTransfer
    Rate-ku wuxuu sheegaa xaddiga akhbaarta ah ee uu
    CD-ROM-ku halkii ilbiriqsi soo akhriyo. Sida aan ku soo
    aragnay
    Casharka
    19-aad
    akhbaarta
    CD-ga ku keydsani waxay ku qoran tahay wareegyo aanay
    ishu arki karin oo loo yaqaan Tracks oo u kala weyn sida
    ay u kala korreeyaan, fiiri sawirka tusaalaha ah ee
    hoose.

    [You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
    Maadaama Tracks-ka CD-gu ay cabbir
    ahaan kala weyn yihiin, akhbaarta ku qorani waxay u kala
    badan tahay sida ay u kala weyn yihiin. Tusaale ahaan
    akhbaarta ku qoran Track-ga ugu korreeya cabbir ahaana
    ugu weyn dhawr jeer ayay ka badan tahay tan ku qoran
    Track-ga ugu hooseeya ee cabbir ahaan ugu yar. Arrintaasi
    waxay saamayn weyn ku leedahay xaddiga akhbaarta ah ee uu
    Head-ka CD-ROM-ku soo akhrin karo halkii ilbiriqsi
    (Transfer Rate).
    Marka uu CD-ROM-ku akhbaar soo akhrinayo waxaa saxanka
    CD-ga wareejiya qaybta loo yaqaan
    [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. Saxanka CD-ga oo wareeganaya ayuu Head-ka
    CD-ROM-ku akhbaarta ka soo akhriyaa isagoo u soconayo
    horey iyo gadaal. Socodka Head-ku uu horay iyo gadaal u
    soconayo ayaa wuxuu keenayaa in uu marba tago Track hor
    leh oo uu akhbaarta ka soo akhriyo. Haddii saxanka CD-gu
    uu had iyo jeer ku wareego xawaare isku mid ah, waxaa
    markaa dhacaysa in xawaaraha ay ku socoto akhbaarta
    maraysa Head-ka hoostiisa uu kor u kaco mar kasta oo
    cabbirka Track-gu uu sii kordhaba. Taasi waxay keenaysaa
    in marka Head-ku uu wax ka soo akhrinayo Track-yada
    waaweyn uu ka gaari waayo inuu halkii ilbiriqsi ku soo
    akhriyo akhbaar xaddi ahaan la mid ah tan uu ka soo
    akhriyo Track-yada yar yar.

    Si arrintaas loo xalliyo ayaa waxaa la
    soo saaray nidaamka loo yaqaan CLV (Constant
    Linear Velocity
    ). Nidaamkaasi wuxuu sheegayaa in xawaaraha
    Spindle-ku (oo ah xawaaraha uu saxanka CD-gu ku wareego)
    uu isla beddelo cabbirka Track-ga markaas wax laga soo
    akhrinayo. Mar kasta oo cabbirka Track-gu uu sii
    weynaadaba waxaa yaraanaya xawaaraha Spindle-ka. Mar
    kasta oo cabbirka Track-gu uu sii yaraadana waxaa kor u
    sii kacaya xawaaraha Spindle-ka. Taasi waxay keenaysaa in
    xaddiga akhbaarta ee uu Head-ku halkii ilbiriqsi soo
    akhriyaa ay had iyo jeer isku mid noqoto. CD-ROM-yada uu
    xawaarahoodu yahay 12X iyo wixii ka horreeyay waxay ku
    shaqeeyaan nidaamka CLV-ga.

    Markii xawaaraha CD-ROM-ku uu aad kor
    ugu kacay ayaa waxaa farsamo ahaan adkaatay in xawaaraha
    Spindle-ku uu isla bedbeddelo cabbirka Track-ga, waxayna
    taasi wax weyn u dhintay xawaaraha guud ee CD-ROM-ka.
    Waayo mar kasta oo loo baahdo in xawaaraha Spindle-ka
    hoos loo dhigo ama kor loo qaado waxay qaadanaysaa wakhti
    dheeri ah oo hawl kale lagu qaban kari lahaa. Sidaa
    darteed CD-ROM-yada uu xawaarhoodu yahay 16X iyo wixii ka
    dambeeyay waxay qaateen nidaamka CAV (Constant Angular
    Velocity) oo ah midka ay Hard Disk-ga iyo FDD-ku
    shaqeeyaan. Nidaamka CAV-gu wuxuu keenayaa in CD-gu uu
    had iyo jeer ku wareego xawaare isku mid ah, laakiin
    akhbaarta uu Head-ku soo akhriyo halkii ilbiriqsi ama
    Transfer Rate-ka ayaa is bedbeddela. CD-ROM-yada
    nidaamkaan ku shaqeeya waxaa xawaaraha Head-kooda lagu
    saleeyaa xawaaraha Track-ga ugu sarreeyaa uu ku socdo,
    sidaa darteed waxay akhbaarta ugu badan soo akhriyaan
    marka ay wax ka soo akhrinayaan Track-ga ugu weyn. Mar
    kasta oo cabbirka Track-gu sii yaraadaba waxaa sii
    yaraanaysa xaddiga akhbaarta ee uu Head-ku soo akhriyo
    halkii ilbiriqsi. Sidaa darteed xawaaraha ku qoran
    CD-ROM-yada ku shaqeeya nidaamka CAV-ga (sida 24X, 40X
    iwm) wuxuu sheegayaa Transfer Rate-ka Track-ga ugu weyn.

    Waxaa kale oo jira qaar ka mid ah
    CD-ROM-yada oo isticmaala labada nidaam ee CLV iyo CAV oo
    la isku daray la iskuna celceliyey. CD-ROM-yada noocaan u
    shaqeeyaa marka ay wax ka soo akhrinayaan Track-yada
    waaweyn waxay adeegsadaan nidaamka CAV-ga, marka ay wax
    ka soo akhrinyaan Track-yada yar yarna waxay u
    adeegsadaan nidaanka CLV-ga. Xawaaraha CD-ROM-yada
    noocaan ah waxaa loo qoraa CLV/CAV sida 12X/20X.

    Transfer Rate-ku waa qodobka ugu
    muhiimsan ee lagu cabbiro xawaaraha CD-ROM-ka, hase
    yeeshee waxa jira qodobo kale oo aan ka hadli doonno oo
    samayn ku leh Transfer Rate-ka CD-ROM-ka iyo guud ahaan
    xawaarhiisaba.

  2. Speed Change TimeSida
    aan kor ku soo sheegnay xawaaraha Spindle-ka ee
    CD-ROM-yada ku shaqeeya nidaamka CLV-gu wuxuu isla
    beddelaa cabbirka Track-ga oo marka uu cabbirka Track-gu
    sii weynaadaba xawaaraha Spindle-ku hoos ayuu u dhacaa.
    Wakhtiga ay qaadato in xawaaraha Spindle-ka la beddelo oo
    ama hoos loo dhigo ama kor loo qaado ayaa la yiraahdaa
    Speed Change Time. Beddelidda xawaaraha Spindle-ku waxay
    qaadan kartaa muddo ilbiriqsiyo ah, muddadaasna Head-ku
    waxba ma soo akhriyo oo Transfer Rate-ku waa 0 (eber).
    Shirkadaha CD-ROM-yada sameeyaa inta badan qodobkaan gaar
    uma sheegaan ee waxay ku dhex daraan Access Time-ka oo
    aan ka hadli doonno. Haddii akhbaarta uu CD-ROM-ku soo
    akhrinayaa aysan hal meel ah ku urursanayn ee ay ku kala
    baahsan tahay oogada CD-ga, markaa Head-ku wuxuu u
    shaqeeyaa si bood bood ah oo markuu qayb akhbaarta ka mid
    ah soo akhriyaba wuxuu u boodaa Track-ga ay ku qoran
    tahay qaybta xigta ilaa uu soo wada akhriyo dhammaan
    akhbaartii loo baahnaa. Arrintaas waxaa loo yaqaan Random
    Access. Marka CD-ROM-yada ku shaqeeya nidaamka CLV-gu ay
    soo akhrinayaan akhbaar sidaa u kala firirsan, waxay
    mararka qaarkood bixiyaan guux aad maqli karto oo marna
    kor u kaca marna hoos u dhaca. Guuxaasi wuxuu astaan u
    yahay isbeddelka ku dhacaya xawaaraha Spindle-ka ee marna
    kor u kacaya marna hoos u dhacaya. CD-ROM-yada ku
    shaqeeya nidaamka CAV-ga sidaan hore u soo sheegnay
    xawaaraha Spindle-koodu isma beddelo, sidaa darteed Speed
    Change Time-ku iyaga ma khuseeyo kamana mid aha qodobbada
    xawaarahooda lagu cabbiro.

  3. Seek TimeSi
    Head-ku uu akhbaar uga soo akhriyo saxanka CD-ga waa inuu
    horta tagaa
    [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] markaas la
    rabo in wax laga soo akhriyo. Wakhtiga ay arrintaasi
    qaadataa wuxuu ku xiran yahay inta ay le'eg tahay
    fogaanta u dhexaysa Track-ga la raadinayo iyo Track-ga uu
    markaas Head-ku taagan yahay. Wakhtiga celcelis ahaan ay
    Head-ka ku qaadato inuu tago hadba Track-ga loo baahan
    yahay ayaa la yiraahdaa Seek Time. Mar kasta oo
    uu Seek Time-ku sii yaraadaba waxaa kor u kaca xawaaraha
    CD-ROM Drive-ka.
    Seek Time-ka CD-ROM-ka inta badan gaar looma sheego ee
    waxaa inta badan la sheegaa Access Time-ka oo uu Seek
    Time-ku qayb ka yahay. Guud ahaan Seek Time-ka
    CD-ROM-yadu aad ayuu u liitaa oo wakhti badan ayuu qaataa
    marka la garab dhigo Hard Disk-ga.

  4. Latency Sida aan
    hore uga soo sheegnay, Head-ka CD-ROM-ku si uu akhbaar u
    soo akhriyo wuxuu u baahan yahay in inuu horta tago
    Track-ga markaas la rabo in wax laga soo akhriyo. Marka
    uu Head-ku halkaa tago wuxuu sugaa inta akhbaarta loo
    baahan yahay ay ka imanayso halka uu Head-ku markaa
    taagan yihiin. Wakhtiga ay taasi qaadato wuxuu ku xiran
    yahay fogaanta ay akhbaarta la rabaa u jirto halka uu
    Head-ku markaa taagan yahay. Celceliska wakhtiga ay
    qaadato in akhbaarta la rabaa ay ku timaado halka uu
    Head-ku joogo ayaa la yiraahdaa Latency. Muddada
    uu Head-ku sugaayo akhbaarta waxba lama soo akhriyo oo
    Transfer Rate waa 0 (eber). Latency-ga CD-ROM-ku wuxuu si
    toos ah ugu xiran yahay xawaaraha uu ku wareego
    Spindle-ka CD-ROM-ka oo ah qaybta wareejisa saxanka CD-ga.
    Mar kasta oo xawaarha Spindle-ku uu kor u kacaba waxaa
    yaraada Latency-ga CD-ROM-ka taasoo keenaysa in xawaaraha
    CD-ROM-ku uu kor u kaco. Xawaaraha Spindle-ka CD-ROM-ku
    wuxuu u kala badan yahay sida ay u kala bdan tahay tirada
    ka horraysa xarafka "X" ee sheegaysa xawaaraha
    CD-ROM-ka sida 24X, 32X, 40X iwm.

    Latency-ga CD-ROM-ka inta badan gaar
    looma sheego, waxaase inta badan la sheegaa Access
    Time-ka, Latency-guna waa qayb ka mid ah Access Time-ka.

  5. Access TimeAccess
    Time-ku waa qodobka ugu caansan ee inta badan lagu
    cabbiro xawaaraha CD-ROM-ka wuxuuna ka kooban yahay qodobada
    kala ah Speed Change Time-ka, Seek Time-ka
    iyo Latency-ga oo la isu geeyay. Access Time-ku wuxuu u
    taagan yahay wakhtiga ay CD-ROM-ka ku qaadato inuu
    billaabo akhrinta akhbaar ku qoran Track aan ahayn kan uu
    Head-ku markaa taagan yahay. Taas waxaa soo hoos galaya
    wakhtiga ay Head-ka ku qaadato inuu tago Track-ga ay
    akhbaartu ku qoran tahay (Seek Time), beddelidda
    xawaaraha Spindle-ka (Speed Change Time) iyo sugidda la
    sugo inta ay akhbaarta la rabaa ka imanayso halka uu
    Head-ku taagan yahay (Latency). Access Time-ku wuxuu
    billawdaa marka Head-ka la dhaqaajiyo, wuxuuna dhammaadaa
    marka ay billaabato akhrinta akhbaartii loo baahnaa. Sida
    aad halkaa ka garan karto wuxuu Access Time-ku cabbir
    ahaan faa'iido leeyahay oo la isticmalaa marka CD-ROM-ku
    uu samaynayo waxa loo yaqaan Random Access oo ah marka uu
    CD-ROM-ku soo akhrinayo akhbaar ku kala firirsan oogada
    CD-ga. Haddiise akhbaarta la soo akhrinayaa ay si isdba
    joog ah ugu qoran tahay oogada CD-ga

    (
    sequentially) markaa waxaa la
    adeegsadaa Transfer Rate-ka.

    Access Time-ka CD-ROM-ku wuxuu si toos
    ah ugu xiran yahay tirada ka horraysa xarafka
    "X" ee lagu sheego xawaaraha CD-ROM-ka. Mar
    kasta oo ay tiradaasi kor u kacdaba waxaa hoos u dhaca
    Access Time-ka CD-ROM-ka. Tusaale ahaan CD-ROM-yadii ugu
    horreeyay ee uu xawaarahoodu ahaa 1X wuxuu Access
    Time-koodu gaari jiray ilaa 300 ms. Maantana Access
    Time-ka CD-ROM-yada dheereeyaa wuxuu ka hooseeyaa 100 ms.

    In kasta oo xawaaraha CD-ROM-ku uu aad kor ugu kacay
    haddana CD-ROM-ka ugu dheereeyaa wax badan ayuu ka
    gaabiyaa Hard Disk-ga ugu gaabiya. Taasna waxaa u sabab
    ah CD-ROM-ka oo farsamo ahaan markiisii hore lagu
    saleeyay qalabka Stereo-ga. Qalabkaas oo marka la
    adeegsanayo ay aad dhif u tahay in Random Access loo
    baahdo, oo wuxuu raaca hal Track wuxuuna soo akhriyaa
    akhbaar si is dabajoog ah ugu kaydsan saxanka CD-ga.
    Teeda kale Track-yada saxanka CD-gu qaab ahaan way ka
    duwan yihiin kuwa
    [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Hard
    Disk-ga. Halka Track-yada Platters-ku ay ka yihiin
    wareegyo kala go'an oo uu midba goonidiisa u taagan
    yahay, Track-yada CD-gu waxay ka kooban yihiin hal
    xarriiq oo la wareejiyay oo billaw ilaa dhammaan isku
    xiriirsan, fiiri sawirka kore. Sidaa darteed CD-gu ma
    laha

    Cylinders
    sida kuwa Platters-ka
    Hard Disk-ga. Taasi waxay sii adkaysaa in akhbaarta loo
    baahan yahay si fudud loo helo.



Xawaaraha CD-ROM-ku wuxuu guud ahaan u
dhexeeyaa kan Hard Disk-ga iyo
[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.], taasoo
uu micnaheedu yahay in CD-ROM-ku uu xawaare ahaan ka dheereeyo
Floppy Disk Drive-ka islamarkaan uu ka gaabiyo Hard Disk-ga. Guud
ahaan marka la eego xawaaraha lagu sheego xarafka X, waxaa la
oran karaa CD-ROM kastaa kan uu xagga tirada ka horraysa
xarafkaas kaga badan yahay wuu ka dheereeyaa , laakiin inta uu ka
dheereeyo tiradaas toos looga garan karo. Tusaale ahaan 24X wuu
ka dheereeyaa 12X, laakiin lama oran karo laba laab ayuu ka
dheereeyaa. Taas waxaa u sabab ah in sida aan kor ku soo aragnay
ay jiraan qodobbo kale oo arrintaas saamayn weyn ku leh, kuwaasoo
keeni kara in 24X xawaarihiisa dhabta ahi uu celcelis ahaan noqdo
18X iwm.


Casharkaanna halkaas ayaan ku joojinaynaa.
Casharka xiga waxaan hadduu rabbi idmo ku soo qaadan doonnaa CD
Burner-ka (CD-R / CD-RW).





Copyright © 2000 Somali Software. All rights reserved. [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]

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